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Categories: History of Zhangjiakou, Battles involving the Ming dynasty, 15th century in China, 1449 in Asia, All articles needing additional references
EN
Tumu Crisis  Tumu incident  Battle of Tu-mu  Battle of Tumu  Battle of Tumu Bao
EN
The Crisis of the Tumu Fortress, also known as the Tumu Crisis, or the Jisi Incident, was a frontier conflict between the Northern Yuan and Ming dynasties. Wikipedia
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The Crisis of the Tumu Fortress, also known as the Tumu Crisis, or the Jisi Incident, was a frontier conflict between the Northern Yuan and Ming dynasties. Wikipedia
A frontier conflict between the Oirat Mongols and the Chinese Ming dynasty Wikipedia Disambiguation
Conflict between the Oirats and the Chinese Ming dynasty Wikidata
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